Alloy: definition in chemistry
Alloy: A mixture of a metal with one or more other elements, usually other metals, such as bronze (copper + tin) or steel (iron + carbon).
Alloys are usually made by melting the ingredients together and letting the mixture solidify. Atoms of a different size disrupt the regular layers of metal atoms and make it harder for them to slide, so alloys are usually harder and stronger than pure metals. Alloying can also improve resistance to corrosion, lower the melting point or change the color.
Examples
- Bronze — copper and tin
- Brass — copper and zinc
- Stainless steel — iron, chromium and nickel
- Solder — mostly tin, melts at a low temperature
On the periodic table
Many important alloys are based on transition metals from the d-block, such as iron, copper, nickel and titanium, though alloys of aluminum and tin are also common.