Titanium (Ti)

Titanium properties

Atomic number

22

Atomic mass

47.867 u

Category

Transition metal

Group

4

Period

4

Block

d-block

State at room temp.

Solid

Electronegativity

1.54

Melting point

1,941 K (1,667.8 °C)

Boiling point

3,560 K (3,286.8 °C)

Density

4.506 g/cm³

Valence electrons

2

Common charges

+2, +3, +4

Oxidation states

+4, +3, +2

Atomic radius

187 pm

Ionization energy

6.828 eV

Electron affinity

0.079 eV

Radioactive

No, has stable isotopes

Discovered

1791

Titanium electron configuration

The electron configuration of Titanium (Ti) is [Ar] 3d2 4s2. Its 22 electrons are arranged in shells as 2, 8, 10, 2.

Protons, neutrons and electrons in Titanium

A neutral Titanium atom has 22 protons and 22 electrons. Most Titanium atoms have about 26 neutrons: the atomic mass rounded to 48, minus the atomic number 22.

Neutrons are approximate: atoms of the same element can have different numbers of neutrons (isotopes). Atomic number and mass

How many valence electrons does Titanium have?

2

Titanium has 2 valence electrons, counting the electrons in its outermost s subshell. Like most transition metals, it can also use d electrons in bonding.

See every element: Periodic table with valence electrons

Titanium orbital diagram

Each box is an orbital that holds up to two electrons with opposite spins (↑↓). The inner shells are the same as the noble gas in brackets. How to write electron configurations

Molar mass of Titanium

47.867 g/mol

One mole of Titanium atoms (6.022 × 10²³ atoms) has a mass of 47.867 grams. Use this value to convert between grams and moles.

Compounds containing Titanium

Titanium facts

• Titanium is roughly 40% less dense than steel, yet some titanium alloys are as strong as many steels.
• Titanium is the ninth most abundant element in Earth's crust, found mainly in the minerals ilmenite and rutile.
• Titanium (Ti) has atomic number 22 and is a solid at room temperature. It was discovered in 1791.

Position in the periodic table

Titanium is element 22, in period 4 and group 4 of the periodic table, in the d-block.

All transition metals

Uses of Titanium

Titanium's strength, low weight and resistance to corrosion make it ideal for aircraft frames, jet engine parts and equipment that handles seawater or harsh chemicals. Titanium is used for hip joints, dental implants and bone plates because the body tolerates it well. Most titanium ore, however, becomes titanium dioxide, the bright white pigment in paint, paper, plastics and sunscreen.

Who discovered Titanium?

Cornish clergyman and amateur mineralogist William Gregor discovered titanium in 1791 in black sand from a stream in Cornwall, England. German chemist Martin Heinrich Klaproth found it independently in 1795 in the mineral rutile and named it after the Titans of Greek mythology.

Where does the name come from?

Titanium is named after the Titans, the powerful giants of Greek mythology who were children of Uranus and Gaia. Martin Heinrich Klaproth chose the name in 1795, echoing uranium, which he had named after the planet Uranus.

Discovery timeline