Periodic table with melting points

1HHydrogen14 K 2HeHelium1 K 3LiLithium454 K 4BeBeryllium1,560 K 5BBoron2,349 K 6CCarbon3,823 K 7NNitrogen63 K 8OOxygen54 K 9FFluorine53 K 10NeNeon25 K 11NaSodium371 K 12MgMagnesium923 K 13AlAluminum933 K 14SiSilicon1,687 K 15PPhosphorus317 K 16SSulfur388 K 17ClChlorine172 K 18ArArgon84 K 19KPotassium337 K 20CaCalcium1,115 K 21ScScandium1,814 K 22TiTitanium1,941 K 23VVanadium2,183 K 24CrChromium2,180 K 25MnManganese1,519 K 26FeIron1,811 K 27CoCobalt1,768 K 28NiNickel1,728 K 29CuCopper1,358 K 30ZnZinc693 K 31GaGallium303 K 32GeGermanium1,211 K 33AsArsenic1,090 K 34SeSelenium494 K 35BrBromine266 K 36KrKrypton116 K 37RbRubidium312 K 38SrStrontium1,050 K 39YYttrium1,799 K 40ZrZirconium2,128 K 41NbNiobium2,750 K 42MoMolybdenum2,896 K 43TcTechnetium2,430 K 44RuRuthenium2,607 K 45RhRhodium2,237 K 46PdPalladium1,828 K 47AgSilver1,235 K 48CdCadmium594 K 49InIndium430 K 50SnTin505 K 51SbAntimony904 K 52TeTellurium723 K 53IIodine387 K 54XeXenon161 K 55CsCesium302 K 56BaBarium1,000 K 57LaLanthanum1,193 K 58CeCerium1,068 K 59PrPraseodymium1,208 K 60NdNeodymium1,297 K 61PmPromethium1,315 K 62SmSamarium1,345 K 63EuEuropium1,099 K 64GdGadolinium1,585 K 65TbTerbium1,629 K 66DyDysprosium1,680 K 67HoHolmium1,734 K 68ErErbium1,802 K 69TmThulium1,818 K 70YbYtterbium1,097 K 71LuLutetium1,925 K 72HfHafnium2,506 K 73TaTantalum3,290 K 74WTungsten3,695 K 75ReRhenium3,459 K 76OsOsmium3,306 K 77IrIridium2,719 K 78PtPlatinum2,041 K 79AuGold1,337 K 80HgMercury234 K 81TlThallium577 K 82PbLead601 K 83BiBismuth545 K 84PoPolonium527 K 85AtAstatine575 K 86RnRadon202 K 87FrFrancium300 K 88RaRadium973 K 89AcActinium1,323 K 90ThThorium2,023 K 91PaProtactinium1,841 K 92UUranium1,405 K 93NpNeptunium912 K 94PuPlutonium913 K 95AmAmericium1,449 K 96CmCurium1,613 K 97BkBerkelium1,259 K 98CfCalifornium1,173 K 99EsEinsteinium1,133 K 100FmFermium1,800 K 101MdMendelevium1,100 K 102NoNobelium1,100 K 103LrLawrencium1,900 K 104RfRutherfordium— 105DbDubnium— 106SgSeaborgium— 107BhBohrium— 108HsHassium— 109MtMeitnerium— 110DsDarmstadtium— 111RgRoentgenium— 112CnCopernicium— 113NhNihonium— 114FlFlerovium— 115McMoscovium— 116LvLivermorium— 117TsTennessine— 118OgOganesson— 57–71La–LuLanthanides 89–103Ac–LrActinides

Periodic Table of Elements

Hover over an element to see its data. Click to open its full page.

Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Transition metal Post-transition metal Metalloid Reactive nonmetal Halogen Noble gas Lanthanide Actinide Unknown properties

Low · 0.95 K (-272.2 °C)3,823 K (3,549.8 °C) · High —

Swipe sideways to see the whole table →

The melting point is the temperature at which a solid turns into a liquid. This table shows the melting point of every element in kelvin (K), with the Celsius value alongside, colored from low to high. Carbon and the metals in the middle of the transition series melt at the highest temperatures, while helium and the other elements that are gases at room temperature melt at the lowest.

Highest and lowest values

Highest: Carbon · 3,823 K (3,549.8 °C)
Lowest: Helium · 0.95 K (-272.2 °C)

How the melting point changes from element 1 to 118

One bar per element, in order of atomic number. Dashed lines mark the noble gas that ends each period, so repeating peaks show the periodic pattern. Hover over a bar for its value; the table below lists them all.

Reading melting points

Melting points are given at normal atmospheric pressure. To convert kelvin to degrees Celsius, subtract 273.15; to go the other way, add 273.15. Ice melts at 273.15 K, which is 0 °C. Each cell shows the melting point rounded to the nearest kelvin, the legend under the table shows the color scale, and the sortable table below gives both units.

The melting point trend

Melting point depends on the type of bonding, so it does not change smoothly across the whole table. In periods 2 and 3 it climbs from the alkali metal to a peak at group 14, where carbon and silicon form giant covalent networks, then drops sharply for the molecular nonmetals and the noble gases. In period 3, silicon melts at 1687 K, while chlorine melts at just 171.6 K.

Among the metals, melting points peak in the middle of the transition series, where many d electrons strengthen the metallic bonding; tungsten has the highest melting point of any metal. Down group 1 the trend runs downward, from lithium at 453.65 K to cesium at 301.59 K, because larger atoms are held by weaker metallic bonds. Down group 17 it runs upward, from fluorine to iodine, because bigger molecules attract each other more strongly.

Exceptions

Mercury is the only metal that is liquid at room temperature, melting at 234.32 K (−38.83 °C); its outer electrons are held unusually tightly, so its metallic bonding is weak. Gallium melts at 302.91 K (29.76 °C), low enough to melt in your hand.

Helium does not freeze at all at normal pressure; its value was measured under high pressure. Arsenic passes straight from solid to gas at normal pressure, so its listed melting point, measured under pressure, is higher than its boiling (sublimation) point. No melting point is given for rutherfordium and the heavier elements.

Worked example: iron

Iron melts at 1811 K. Subtracting 273.15 gives 1537.85 °C, or about 1538 °C, far hotter than a wood fire, which is why melting iron takes a furnace. Aluminum melts at 933.47 K (660.32 °C), so it can be melted at a much lower temperature, one reason it is so easy to recycle.

Lesson

Periodic trends

Printable version

Printable periodic table

Melting points of all 118 elements

Click a column heading to sort.

Melting points of all 118 elements

1	Hydrogen	H	13.99 K (-259.2 °C)
2	Helium	He	0.95 K (-272.2 °C)
3	Lithium	Li	453.65 K (180.5 °C)
4	Beryllium	Be	1,560 K (1,286.8 °C)
5	Boron	B	2,349 K (2,075.8 °C)
6	Carbon	C	3,823 K (3,549.8 °C)
7	Nitrogen	N	63.15 K (-210 °C)
8	Oxygen	O	54.36 K (-218.8 °C)
9	Fluorine	F	53.48 K (-219.7 °C)
10	Neon	Ne	24.56 K (-248.6 °C)
11	Sodium	Na	370.94 K (97.8 °C)
12	Magnesium	Mg	923 K (649.8 °C)
13	Aluminum	Al	933.47 K (660.3 °C)
14	Silicon	Si	1,687 K (1,413.8 °C)
15	Phosphorus	P	317.3 K (44.2 °C)
16	Sulfur	S	388.36 K (115.2 °C)
17	Chlorine	Cl	171.6 K (-101.5 °C)
18	Argon	Ar	83.81 K (-189.3 °C)
19	Potassium	K	336.7 K (63.6 °C)
20	Calcium	Ca	1,115 K (841.8 °C)
21	Scandium	Sc	1,814 K (1,540.8 °C)
22	Titanium	Ti	1,941 K (1,667.8 °C)
23	Vanadium	V	2,183 K (1,909.8 °C)
24	Chromium	Cr	2,180 K (1,906.8 °C)
25	Manganese	Mn	1,519 K (1,245.8 °C)
26	Iron	Fe	1,811 K (1,537.8 °C)
27	Cobalt	Co	1,768 K (1,494.8 °C)
28	Nickel	Ni	1,728 K (1,454.8 °C)
29	Copper	Cu	1,357.77 K (1,084.6 °C)
30	Zinc	Zn	692.68 K (419.5 °C)
31	Gallium	Ga	302.91 K (29.8 °C)
32	Germanium	Ge	1,211.4 K (938.3 °C)
33	Arsenic	As	1,090 K (816.8 °C)
34	Selenium	Se	494 K (220.9 °C)
35	Bromine	Br	265.8 K (-7.3 °C)
36	Krypton	Kr	115.78 K (-157.4 °C)
37	Rubidium	Rb	312.45 K (39.3 °C)
38	Strontium	Sr	1,050 K (776.8 °C)
39	Yttrium	Y	1,799 K (1,525.8 °C)
40	Zirconium	Zr	2,128 K (1,854.8 °C)
41	Niobium	Nb	2,750 K (2,476.8 °C)
42	Molybdenum	Mo	2,896 K (2,622.8 °C)
43	Technetium	Tc	2,430 K (2,156.8 °C)
44	Ruthenium	Ru	2,607 K (2,333.8 °C)
45	Rhodium	Rh	2,237 K (1,963.8 °C)
46	Palladium	Pd	1,828.05 K (1,554.9 °C)
47	Silver	Ag	1,234.93 K (961.8 °C)
48	Cadmium	Cd	594.22 K (321.1 °C)
49	Indium	In	429.75 K (156.6 °C)
50	Tin	Sn	505.08 K (231.9 °C)
51	Antimony	Sb	903.78 K (630.6 °C)
52	Tellurium	Te	722.66 K (449.5 °C)
53	Iodine	I	386.85 K (113.7 °C)
54	Xenon	Xe	161.4 K (-111.7 °C)
55	Cesium	Cs	301.59 K (28.4 °C)
56	Barium	Ba	1,000 K (726.8 °C)
57	Lanthanum	La	1,193 K (919.8 °C)
58	Cerium	Ce	1,068 K (794.8 °C)
59	Praseodymium	Pr	1,208 K (934.8 °C)
60	Neodymium	Nd	1,297 K (1,023.8 °C)
61	Promethium	Pm	1,315 K (1,041.8 °C)
62	Samarium	Sm	1,345 K (1,071.8 °C)
63	Europium	Eu	1,099 K (825.8 °C)
64	Gadolinium	Gd	1,585 K (1,311.8 °C)
65	Terbium	Tb	1,629 K (1,355.8 °C)
66	Dysprosium	Dy	1,680 K (1,406.8 °C)
67	Holmium	Ho	1,734 K (1,460.8 °C)
68	Erbium	Er	1,802 K (1,528.8 °C)
69	Thulium	Tm	1,818 K (1,544.8 °C)
70	Ytterbium	Yb	1,097 K (823.8 °C)
71	Lutetium	Lu	1,925 K (1,651.8 °C)
72	Hafnium	Hf	2,506 K (2,232.8 °C)
73	Tantalum	Ta	3,290 K (3,016.8 °C)
74	Tungsten	W	3,695 K (3,421.8 °C)
75	Rhenium	Re	3,459 K (3,185.8 °C)
76	Osmium	Os	3,306 K (3,032.8 °C)
77	Iridium	Ir	2,719 K (2,445.8 °C)
78	Platinum	Pt	2,041.4 K (1,768.2 °C)
79	Gold	Au	1,337.33 K (1,064.2 °C)
80	Mercury	Hg	234.32 K (-38.8 °C)
81	Thallium	Tl	577 K (303.8 °C)
82	Lead	Pb	600.61 K (327.5 °C)
83	Bismuth	Bi	544.7 K (271.6 °C)
84	Polonium	Po	527 K (253.9 °C)
85	Astatine	At	575 K (301.8 °C)
86	Radon	Rn	202 K (-71.1 °C)
87	Francium	Fr	300 K (26.9 °C)
88	Radium	Ra	973 K (699.8 °C)
89	Actinium	Ac	1,323 K (1,049.8 °C)
90	Thorium	Th	2,023 K (1,749.8 °C)
91	Protactinium	Pa	1,841 K (1,567.8 °C)
92	Uranium	U	1,405.3 K (1,132.2 °C)
93	Neptunium	Np	912 K (638.8 °C)
94	Plutonium	Pu	912.5 K (639.4 °C)
95	Americium	Am	1,449 K (1,175.8 °C)
96	Curium	Cm	1,613 K (1,339.8 °C)
97	Berkelium	Bk	1,259 K (985.8 °C)
98	Californium	Cf	1,173 K (899.8 °C)
99	Einsteinium	Es	1,133 K (859.8 °C)
100	Fermium	Fm	1,800 K (1,526.8 °C)
101	Mendelevium	Md	1,100 K (826.8 °C)
102	Nobelium	No	1,100 K (826.8 °C)
103	Lawrencium	Lr	1,900 K (1,626.8 °C)
104	Rutherfordium	Rf	—
105	Dubnium	Db	—
106	Seaborgium	Sg	—
107	Bohrium	Bh	—
108	Hassium	Hs	—
109	Meitnerium	Mt	—
110	Darmstadtium	Ds	—
111	Roentgenium	Rg	—
112	Copernicium	Cn	—
113	Nihonium	Nh	—
114	Flerovium	Fl	—
115	Moscovium	Mc	—
116	Livermorium	Lv	—
117	Tennessine	Ts	—
118	Oganesson	Og	—

More periodic table views

Charges Electronegativity Valence electrons Atomic mass Names and symbols Metals, nonmetals & metalloids Electron configuration Groups and periods Periodic trends Oxidation states Atomic radius Ionization energy Blocks (s, p, d, f) States of matter Boiling point Density