Periodic table with density values

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1HHydrogen0.00009 2HeHelium0.00018 3LiLithium0.53 4BeBeryllium1.85 5BBoron2.34 6CCarbon2.27 7NNitrogen0.00125 8OOxygen0.00143 9FFluorine0.0017 10NeNeon0.0009 11NaSodium0.97 12MgMagnesium1.74 13AlAluminum2.7 14SiSilicon2.33 15PPhosphorus1.82 16SSulfur2.07 17ClChlorine0.00321 18ArArgon0.00178 19KPotassium0.86 20CaCalcium1.54 21ScScandium2.99 22TiTitanium4.51 23VVanadium6 24CrChromium7.19 25MnManganese7.21 26FeIron7.87 27CoCobalt8.9 28NiNickel8.91 29CuCopper8.96 30ZnZinc7.14 31GaGallium5.91 32GeGermanium5.32 33AsArsenic5.73 34SeSelenium4.81 35BrBromine3.1 36KrKrypton0.00373 37RbRubidium1.53 38SrStrontium2.64 39YYttrium4.47 40ZrZirconium6.52 41NbNiobium8.57 42MoMolybdenum10.28 43TcTechnetium11 44RuRuthenium12.45 45RhRhodium12.41 46PdPalladium12.02 47AgSilver10.49 48CdCadmium8.65 49InIndium7.31 50SnTin7.29 51SbAntimony6.7 52TeTellurium6.24 53IIodine4.93 54XeXenon0.00589 55CsCesium1.93 56BaBarium3.51 57LaLanthanum6.16 58CeCerium6.77 59PrPraseodymium6.77 60NdNeodymium7.01 61PmPromethium7.26 62SmSamarium7.52 63EuEuropium5.26 64GdGadolinium7.9 65TbTerbium8.23 66DyDysprosium8.54 67HoHolmium8.79 68ErErbium9.07 69TmThulium9.32 70YbYtterbium6.9 71LuLutetium9.84 72HfHafnium13.31 73TaTantalum16.69 74WTungsten19.25 75ReRhenium21.02 76OsOsmium22.59 77IrIridium22.56 78PtPlatinum21.45 79AuGold19.3 80HgMercury13.53 81TlThallium11.85 82PbLead11.34 83BiBismuth9.78 84PoPolonium9.2 85AtAstatine7 86RnRadon0.00973 87FrFrancium1.87 88RaRadium5.5 89AcActinium10.07 90ThThorium11.72 91PaProtactinium15.37 92UUranium19.1 93NpNeptunium20.45 94PuPlutonium19.82 95AmAmericium12 96CmCurium13.51 97BkBerkelium14.78 98CfCalifornium15.1 99EsEinsteinium8.84 100FmFermium— 101MdMendelevium— 102NoNobelium— 103LrLawrencium— 104RfRutherfordium— 105DbDubnium— 106SgSeaborgium— 107BhBohrium— 108HsHassium— 109MtMeitnerium— 110DsDarmstadtium— 111RgRoentgenium— 112CnCopernicium— 113NhNihonium— 114FlFlerovium— 115McMoscovium— 116LvLivermorium— 117TsTennessine— 118OgOganesson— 57–71La–LuLanthanides 89–103Ac–LrActinides

Periodic Table of Elements

Hover over an element to see its data. Click to open its full page.

Alkali metal Alkaline earth metal Transition metal Post-transition metal Metalloid Reactive nonmetal Halogen Noble gas Lanthanide Actinide Unknown properties
Low · 0.09 g/L22.59 g/cm³ · High (log scale) —

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Density is how much mass is packed into a given volume. This table shows the density of every element in grams per cubic centimeter (g/cm³), with gases given in grams per liter (g/L). Density generally increases down the table, and the densest elements, osmium and iridium, sit in the middle of period 6.

Highest and lowest values

Highest
Osmium · 22.59 g/cm³
Lowest
Hydrogen · 0.09 g/L

How the density changes from element 1 to 118

One bar per element, in order of atomic number. Dashed lines mark the noble gas that ends each period, so repeating peaks show the periodic pattern. Hover over a bar for its value; the table below lists them all.

22.59 g/cm³ He Ne Ar Kr Xe Rn Og H (1): 0.09 g/L He (2): 0.179 g/L Li (3): 0.534 g/cm³ Be (4): 1.85 g/cm³ B (5): 2.34 g/cm³ C (6): 2.267 g/cm³ N (7): 1.251 g/L O (8): 1.429 g/L F (9): 1.696 g/L Ne (10): 0.9 g/L Na (11): 0.968 g/cm³ Mg (12): 1.738 g/cm³ Al (13): 2.7 g/cm³ Si (14): 2.329 g/cm³ P (15): 1.823 g/cm³ S (16): 2.07 g/cm³ Cl (17): 3.214 g/L Ar (18): 1.784 g/L K (19): 0.862 g/cm³ Ca (20): 1.54 g/cm³ Sc (21): 2.989 g/cm³ Ti (22): 4.506 g/cm³ V (23): 6 g/cm³ Cr (24): 7.19 g/cm³ Mn (25): 7.21 g/cm³ Fe (26): 7.874 g/cm³ Co (27): 8.9 g/cm³ Ni (28): 8.908 g/cm³ Cu (29): 8.96 g/cm³ Zn (30): 7.14 g/cm³ Ga (31): 5.91 g/cm³ Ge (32): 5.323 g/cm³ As (33): 5.727 g/cm³ Se (34): 4.81 g/cm³ Br (35): 3.103 g/cm³ Kr (36): 3.733 g/L Rb (37): 1.532 g/cm³ Sr (38): 2.64 g/cm³ Y (39): 4.469 g/cm³ Zr (40): 6.52 g/cm³ Nb (41): 8.57 g/cm³ Mo (42): 10.28 g/cm³ Tc (43): 11 g/cm³ Ru (44): 12.45 g/cm³ Rh (45): 12.41 g/cm³ Pd (46): 12.023 g/cm³ Ag (47): 10.49 g/cm³ Cd (48): 8.65 g/cm³ In (49): 7.31 g/cm³ Sn (50): 7.287 g/cm³ Sb (51): 6.697 g/cm³ Te (52): 6.24 g/cm³ I (53): 4.933 g/cm³ Xe (54): 5.894 g/L Cs (55): 1.93 g/cm³ Ba (56): 3.51 g/cm³ La (57): 6.162 g/cm³ Ce (58): 6.77 g/cm³ Pr (59): 6.77 g/cm³ Nd (60): 7.01 g/cm³ Pm (61): 7.26 g/cm³ Sm (62): 7.52 g/cm³ Eu (63): 5.264 g/cm³ Gd (64): 7.9 g/cm³ Tb (65): 8.23 g/cm³ Dy (66): 8.54 g/cm³ Ho (67): 8.79 g/cm³ Er (68): 9.066 g/cm³ Tm (69): 9.32 g/cm³ Yb (70): 6.9 g/cm³ Lu (71): 9.841 g/cm³ Hf (72): 13.31 g/cm³ Ta (73): 16.69 g/cm³ W (74): 19.25 g/cm³ Re (75): 21.02 g/cm³ Os (76): 22.59 g/cm³ Ir (77): 22.56 g/cm³ Pt (78): 21.45 g/cm³ Au (79): 19.3 g/cm³ Hg (80): 13.534 g/cm³ Tl (81): 11.85 g/cm³ Pb (82): 11.34 g/cm³ Bi (83): 9.78 g/cm³ Po (84): 9.196 g/cm³ At (85): 7 g/cm³ Rn (86): 9.73 g/L Fr (87): 1.87 g/cm³ Ra (88): 5.5 g/cm³ Ac (89): 10.07 g/cm³ Th (90): 11.72 g/cm³ Pa (91): 15.37 g/cm³ U (92): 19.1 g/cm³ Np (93): 20.45 g/cm³ Pu (94): 19.82 g/cm³ Am (95): 12 g/cm³ Cm (96): 13.51 g/cm³ Bk (97): 14.78 g/cm³ Cf (98): 15.1 g/cm³ Es (99): 8.84 g/cm³

What density measures

Density is mass divided by volume (ρ = m/V). For solids and liquids it is given in g/cm³, measured close to room temperature. Gases are roughly a thousand times less dense, so their values are given in g/L at 0 °C and 1 atm; 1 g/L equals 0.001 g/cm³. Anything denser than water, about 1 g/cm³, sinks in it, and anything less dense floats. No density is known for fermium and the heavier elements.

Why the colors use a log scale

Element densities range from hydrogen gas to metals that are hundreds of thousands of times denser. On an ordinary scale every gas and most light elements would look almost the same color, so this table uses a logarithmic scale, where each step in color stands for multiplying the density by a similar factor rather than adding a fixed amount. The legend under the table shows the lowest and highest values.

The density trend

Density generally increases down a group, because atomic mass grows faster than atomic size. It also rises toward the middle of each period: the transition metals pack heavy atoms closely together, while many nonmetals on the right are gases. The peak comes in period 6, where the lanthanide contraction keeps atoms such as osmium, iridium and platinum small while their mass is large. Tungsten, for example, is almost twice as dense as molybdenum directly above it.

There are exceptions. Lithium, sodium and potassium are less dense than water, so they float on it while they react, and potassium is less dense than sodium even though it is lower in group 1.

Worked example: gold

Gold has a density of 19.3 g/cm³, so a 1 cm³ cube of gold has a mass of 19.3 g. A gold bar with a volume of 500 cm³ would have a mass of 500 × 19.3 = 9650 g, about 9.65 kg. The same volume of aluminum, at 2.7 g/cm³, would weigh only 1350 g, which is why aluminum is used where light weight matters, from aircraft to drink cans.

Lesson

Periodic trends

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Printable periodic table

Density of all 118 elements

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Density of all 118 elements
1 Hydrogen H 0.09 g/L
2 Helium He 0.179 g/L
3 Lithium Li 0.534 g/cm³
4 Beryllium Be 1.85 g/cm³
5 Boron B 2.34 g/cm³
6 Carbon C 2.267 g/cm³
7 Nitrogen N 1.251 g/L
8 Oxygen O 1.429 g/L
9 Fluorine F 1.696 g/L
10 Neon Ne 0.9 g/L
11 Sodium Na 0.968 g/cm³
12 Magnesium Mg 1.738 g/cm³
13 Aluminum Al 2.7 g/cm³
14 Silicon Si 2.329 g/cm³
15 Phosphorus P 1.823 g/cm³
16 Sulfur S 2.07 g/cm³
17 Chlorine Cl 3.214 g/L
18 Argon Ar 1.784 g/L
19 Potassium K 0.862 g/cm³
20 Calcium Ca 1.54 g/cm³
21 Scandium Sc 2.989 g/cm³
22 Titanium Ti 4.506 g/cm³
23 Vanadium V 6 g/cm³
24 Chromium Cr 7.19 g/cm³
25 Manganese Mn 7.21 g/cm³
26 Iron Fe 7.874 g/cm³
27 Cobalt Co 8.9 g/cm³
28 Nickel Ni 8.908 g/cm³
29 Copper Cu 8.96 g/cm³
30 Zinc Zn 7.14 g/cm³
31 Gallium Ga 5.91 g/cm³
32 Germanium Ge 5.323 g/cm³
33 Arsenic As 5.727 g/cm³
34 Selenium Se 4.81 g/cm³
35 Bromine Br 3.103 g/cm³
36 Krypton Kr 3.733 g/L
37 Rubidium Rb 1.532 g/cm³
38 Strontium Sr 2.64 g/cm³
39 Yttrium Y 4.469 g/cm³
40 Zirconium Zr 6.52 g/cm³
41 Niobium Nb 8.57 g/cm³
42 Molybdenum Mo 10.28 g/cm³
43 Technetium Tc 11 g/cm³
44 Ruthenium Ru 12.45 g/cm³
45 Rhodium Rh 12.41 g/cm³
46 Palladium Pd 12.023 g/cm³
47 Silver Ag 10.49 g/cm³
48 Cadmium Cd 8.65 g/cm³
49 Indium In 7.31 g/cm³
50 Tin Sn 7.287 g/cm³
51 Antimony Sb 6.697 g/cm³
52 Tellurium Te 6.24 g/cm³
53 Iodine I 4.933 g/cm³
54 Xenon Xe 5.894 g/L
55 Cesium Cs 1.93 g/cm³
56 Barium Ba 3.51 g/cm³
57 Lanthanum La 6.162 g/cm³
58 Cerium Ce 6.77 g/cm³
59 Praseodymium Pr 6.77 g/cm³
60 Neodymium Nd 7.01 g/cm³
61 Promethium Pm 7.26 g/cm³
62 Samarium Sm 7.52 g/cm³
63 Europium Eu 5.264 g/cm³
64 Gadolinium Gd 7.9 g/cm³
65 Terbium Tb 8.23 g/cm³
66 Dysprosium Dy 8.54 g/cm³
67 Holmium Ho 8.79 g/cm³
68 Erbium Er 9.066 g/cm³
69 Thulium Tm 9.32 g/cm³
70 Ytterbium Yb 6.9 g/cm³
71 Lutetium Lu 9.841 g/cm³
72 Hafnium Hf 13.31 g/cm³
73 Tantalum Ta 16.69 g/cm³
74 Tungsten W 19.25 g/cm³
75 Rhenium Re 21.02 g/cm³
76 Osmium Os 22.59 g/cm³
77 Iridium Ir 22.56 g/cm³
78 Platinum Pt 21.45 g/cm³
79 Gold Au 19.3 g/cm³
80 Mercury Hg 13.534 g/cm³
81 Thallium Tl 11.85 g/cm³
82 Lead Pb 11.34 g/cm³
83 Bismuth Bi 9.78 g/cm³
84 Polonium Po 9.196 g/cm³
85 Astatine At 7 g/cm³
86 Radon Rn 9.73 g/L
87 Francium Fr 1.87 g/cm³
88 Radium Ra 5.5 g/cm³
89 Actinium Ac 10.07 g/cm³
90 Thorium Th 11.72 g/cm³
91 Protactinium Pa 15.37 g/cm³
92 Uranium U 19.1 g/cm³
93 Neptunium Np 20.45 g/cm³
94 Plutonium Pu 19.82 g/cm³
95 Americium Am 12 g/cm³
96 Curium Cm 13.51 g/cm³
97 Berkelium Bk 14.78 g/cm³
98 Californium Cf 15.1 g/cm³
99 Einsteinium Es 8.84 g/cm³
100 Fermium Fm —
101 Mendelevium Md —
102 Nobelium No —
103 Lawrencium Lr —
104 Rutherfordium Rf —
105 Dubnium Db —
106 Seaborgium Sg —
107 Bohrium Bh —
108 Hassium Hs —
109 Meitnerium Mt —
110 Darmstadtium Ds —
111 Roentgenium Rg —
112 Copernicium Cn —
113 Nihonium Nh —
114 Flerovium Fl —
115 Moscovium Mc —
116 Livermorium Lv —
117 Tennessine Ts —
118 Oganesson Og —

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Charges Electronegativity Valence electrons Atomic mass Names and symbols Metals, nonmetals & metalloids Electron configuration Groups and periods Periodic trends Oxidation states Atomic radius Ionization energy Blocks (s, p, d, f) States of matter Melting point Boiling point